登陆注册
1122800000008

第8章 中国烹调Chinese Cuisine(3)

Hotpot originated in Chongqing and it is noted for its peppery and hot taste. Being a very popular way of restaurant eating, it can be found at every corner of Chongqing and Chengdu, where numerous sidewalk hotpot operations, as well as exquisite hotpot restaurants, have been set up to meet the increasing local demand. Customers gather around a small boiling wok filled with nutritious soup base. Around the wok are placed numerous plates of paper-thin slices of raw meat and other ingredients. Customers select the raw ingredients and boil them in the soup. They then take them out of the wok and dip them in a small special-sauce-filled bowl sauce before eating them.

Restaurants offer various kinds of hotpot to suit customers’ tastes so that friends or families with different tastes can huddle around and enjoy the feast. One of the most popular variety is yuanyang hotpot (鸳鸯火锅), in which the wok is partitioned into two parts, with a thin wall. One part is filled with a hot, spicy soup base, and the other with a mild spicy broth. This kind of hotpot suits many customers both at home and abroad.

Notes:1)wok铁锅(带把的中国炒菜锅);2)huddle聚在一起

11.什么是传统形式的饭和菜?

What are traditional forms of the fan and cai?

In China, the food stuffs are commonly classified as along tracks of fan (饭), staple foods and cai (菜), prepared dishes. The former refers to grains and other staple starch grains; the latter to supplementary vegetable or meat dishes. Fan is the more fundamental. Chinese have the habit of eating more of this food and less of non-staple dishes. Grains make up most of one’s caloric intake, and an adult may consume two or three bowls of rice or a large bowl of noodles. At the daily dining table, everyone has his or her own bowl of fan; but when there are a lot of cai dishes, some may prefer not to have any fan.

In the preparation of cai, the rule is to use multiple ingredients and several flavors. These dishes are usually placed at the center of the table to be shared by all. This is conducive to family togetherness and friendship. In restaurants,“public”chopsticks or spoons are used to take food from the dishes to prevent the spread of disease.

Notes:1)fundamental根本的;2)intake吸收;3)caloric热量的

12.传统的中国主食有哪些特征?

What are the features of traditional Chinese staple food?

China has abundant resources and extensive land where different areas produce different staple food. Generally speaking, the staple food in the North includes wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, millet, beans and peas. And people in the South traditionally take dry cooked rice or rice porridge as their staple food due to the fact that rice mainly grows in the South. One type of rice called glutinous rice (糯稻) is usually used to make traditional Chinese rice-pudding (粽子), eight treasures congee (八宝粥) and various types of desserts.

In ancient times wheat flour and rice were mainly supplied to the upper classes of society, and coarse cereals or side crops to ordinary families. Gradually wheat flour and rice were considered as“refined grains (细粮),”and maize, sorghum and millet as“coarse grains (粗粮).”At that time only on the festival days did ordinary families have rice food or meat dumplings made by wheat flour. The“coarse grains”were their daily staple food.

After 1949, China carried the planned economy. In 1955 the food coupons and ration booklets appeared in cities. A grain ration book was issued each month by local government grain stores. For example, in Beijing local citizens got 50% of their grain ration in wheat flour, 20% in rice, and 30% in coupons good for buying bowls of rice or noodles in restaurants. In rural areas, for example in northwestern China, peasants usually had more wheat-flour-made food after a summer wheat harvest; in the second half of a year the other types of autumn grains like maize and soybeans are more consumed in place of wheat.

Such a situation lasted until earlier 1990s after China started carrying out the policies of the domestic reform and market economy, which led to the abundant supply of“refined grains”and“coarse grains”in food markets, supermarkets, and department stores across the country. At present, people either in cities or rural areas have a diverse choice of staple food according to their daily menu.

Notes:1)staple主要部分;2)soybean大豆;3)porridge粥;

4)glutinous黏的;5)congee粥;6)booklet小册子;7)maize玉米

13.什么是粗茶淡饭?

What is the meaning of cucha danfan?

Cucha danfan means“weak tea and a simple food”, or“a simple diet”. Traditionally it refers to a lifestyle of living thriftily in daily life.

In ancient times, ordinary families usually arranged their daily meals simply to get stomachs full. This brought out a general custom of trying not to eat dry cooked grains if they had porridge-like food made by boiling the grain in water. In winter slack-season and spring-famine period three meals might be reduced to two per day. In addition, they tended to have few fried dishes. On many occasions fried dishes were substituted by paste-like thick sauce, fermented soybeans, or pickled vegetables. Ordinary families usually made a living this way. Even in normal harvest years, they admonished themselves against any indulgence in extravagant eating. There is a belief,“water flowing out in a trickle takes a long time to exhaust (细水长流).”“Being diligent and thrifty (勤俭节约)”is another motto that remains an enduring popularity.

However, the situation would be different when a harvest, festival, or wedding occurred. On that occasion, a rich dinner or meal were provided. For example, in a rush-in-harvest or rush-planting season, peasants usually had four meals a day. In some rural areas there would be five meals offered because of hard labor by peasants working in the fields. By then, their meals usually contained abundant meat and fish.

Notes:1)economical节约的;2)slack-season淡季;3)substitute替换;4)admonish训诫;5)indulgence沉溺;6)extravagant奢侈的;

7)enduring持久的

14.你对豆腐了解多少?

How much do you know about beancurd in China?

同类推荐
  • 沧海(第一辑)

    沧海(第一辑)

    本书集汇了作者多年来思考和学习的成果,展示了作者“上下求索”的心路历程。其贯穿始终的中心思想,是与现实主旋律紧密合拍的,那就是:“以人为本”,构建“和谐社会”。
  • 下一站拉萨

    下一站拉萨

    本书是一个80后背包客探访以拉萨为中心的环游西藏的旅行笔记。从昆仑山口到可可西里,从格尔木到拉萨,从拉萨到日喀则,从日喀则到墨脱……作者以富有诗意的笔触,配以旅行中的感触、心得以及旅行花絮等,从各个角度记录了一行人的见闻游记、幽默轶事,为读者倾情讲述了一个不为人知的西藏风情文化。通过这次的旅行,作者对生命和生活有了更深的体悟,思想得到了洗礼,灵魂得到了升华,找回了真实的自己。读后将带给你身临其境的感受,有了旅行的冲动。现在,就启程,向着梦想之地出发!
  • 笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理

    笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理

    《笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理》这部长达四十万字的旅行散文集里,陈大刚写下了他几十年的“走”和走,前者是精神的,后者是肉体的。他的确走了很多地方,或是因公,或是刻意去旅游,时而青藏高原、时而丝绸古道、时而北国的雪、时而南疆的风,时而天高云谈、时而碧海杨波……,他记下了他的所见所闻,但更多的是放飞了自己的所思所虑——就这样,用了五年的时间,他终于完成了《笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理》这样一部值得一读的旅行散文集。
  • 随喜菩提

    随喜菩提

    “菩提十书”之《随喜菩提》:由生命的苦恼走入佛门是很好的,但闻法欢喜走入佛门,不是更好吗?在痛苦中求悟是很好的,但以喜悦的心求悟不是更好吗?以厌离世间的心走向净土是很好的,但以欢喜净土的心走向极乐世界不是更好吗?本书是“菩提系列”第九部,让我们体验生命的滋润,从“相逢一笑”走向“喜无量心”的世界,欢喜无量地活在人间,走向净土。
热门推荐
  • 狂颜嫡女:弑夺天下

    狂颜嫡女:弑夺天下

    逆女?妖女?魔女?都说庶不如嫡,可她这嫡女不仅不如庶女,还是众人眼中的妖物。从小被抛弃在外,女扮男装名扬天下,号称天下第一公子,以毒攻毒救治江南得了瘟疫的百姓,武林大会上破碎了魔族的计划,亦正亦邪的她同时也成了正道人中的危险人物,为正道虎视眈眈。因为母亲临终前的心愿遂返家,可等到的却是逼她嫁于他人为妾,设计对方退婚,三番四次暗中拯救兄长,最后却沦为亲生父亲口中的逆女,被匕首刺中心口,于是奋起弑夺天下,走向了命定的道路。看一代不得宠的嫡女如何成就一番伟业。
  • 明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    《明治天皇》再现了日本从幕末走向明治维新的历史变革,以优美的文笔,宏大的场景,详细描绘了日本近代决定国运的倒幕运动的整个过程。本书塑造了一个个鲜活的日本近代史人物形象,以及他们的坚定信念,对“安政大狱”、“樱田门之变”等重大历史事件的描述详实生动,是一部了解近代日本不可多得的佳作。
  • 太古虚实案

    太古虚实案

    我本来只是想买两颗蒜头和一块姜回家炒菜。菜摊大妈找钱后我理所当然地转身离开。可就在转身这一念的时间里,我来到了一片荒芜的大地。眼前只有一个巨人,像翻身的乌龟用四肢支撑着天地。他吃力的不让天地相合,看见意外闯入的我兴高采烈地打招呼:“哎呀终于见到其他东西了,我叫盘古,怎么称呼?”待我真正想通后,手里蒜头和姜不受控制的掉落在地。这穿得……也太早了吧……
  • 无敌大小姐

    无敌大小姐

    当现代阴狠毒辣,手段极多的火家大小姐火无情,穿越到一个好色如命,花痴草包大小姐身上,会发生怎样的化学反应?火无情一醒过来就发现,自己竟然在众目睽睽之下上演脱衣秀。周围还有一群围观者。这一发现,让她极为不爽。刚刚穿好衣服,便看到一个声称是自家老头的老不死气势汹汹的跑来问罪。刚上来,就要打她。这还得了?她火无情从生自死,都是王者。敢动她的人,都在和阎王喝茶。于是,她一怒之下,打了老爹。众人皆道:火家小姐阴狠毒辣,竟然连老爹都不放在眼里。就这样,她的罪名又多了一条。蛇蝎美人。穿越后,火无情的麻烦不断。第一天,打了爹。第二天,毁了姐姐的容。第三天,骂了二娘。第四天,当众轻薄了天下第一公子。第五天,火家贴出招亲启事:但凡愿意娶火家大小姐者,皆可去火府报名。来者不限。不怕死,不想活的,欢迎前来。警示:但凡来此,生死皆与火家无关。若有残病者火家一律不负法律责任。本以为无人敢到,岂料是桃花朵朵。美男个个很妖娆一号美人:火无炎。火家大少爷。为人不清楚,手段不清楚。容貌不清楚。唯一清楚的是,他有钱。有多多的钱。火无情语录:钱是好东西。娶了。(此美男,由美瞳掩饰不了你眼神的空洞领养。)火老爷一气之下,昏了过去。家门不幸,家门不幸啊。二号美人:竹清月。江湖人称天上神仙,地上无月。大国师一枚。美得惊天动地。火无情语录:美人好,尤其是自带嫁妆又会预测未来的美人,娶了。(此美男,由东de琳琳领养)三号美人:轩辕子玉。当朝七皇子,游历四国。一张可爱无敌的脸。单纯至极。火无情语录:可爱的孩子好,可爱又乖巧的孩子更好。可爱乖巧又不用给钱的孩子,娶了。(此美男,由刘千绮领养)皇帝听闻,两眼一抹黑。他的儿啊。怎么就这么不争气呢。四号美人:天下第一美男。性格不详,籍贯不详。火无情语录:谜一样的美人,她喜欢。每天都有新鲜感。娶了。(此美男,由告别的爱情li领养。)五号美人:天下第一名伶。火无情语录:解风情的美男,如果没钱花把他卖了都不用调教。娶了。(此美男由伊眸领养。)六号美男:解忧楼楼主。相貌不详,身世不详。爱好杀人。火无情语录:凶恶的美人,她喜欢。娶了。(此美男由陈铭铭领养)七号美男:琴圣。貌如谪仙,琴音杀人。冷清眸子中,百转千回,说尽风流。(此美男由伊眸领养)夜杀:天下第一杀手。(此美男由静寂之夜领养)
  • 劳心者必读的101个心理法则

    劳心者必读的101个心理法则

    管理者的重要任务就是要最大限度地激发组织成员的工作潜能,并将他们的行为引向实现组织目标的道路。管理者如何最大限度地激发其组织成员的工作潜能,即组织成员在什么状态下愿意充分展现其才能并不断地自主地挖掘内在的潜能呢?这正是《劳心者必读的101个心理法则》要解决的问题——基于人性、人心的分析,将管理工作和心理学有机结合,真正使每一个管理方法或技巧切合人心、实用有效,使每一位劳心者有“心”可“劳”。
  • 放养彪悍妻

    放养彪悍妻

    冯熙女在地下皇陵一住千年,三千青丝早已经白成了雪,而容颜却依旧停留在双十年华。千年前,冯熙女被迫陪葬,千年后,因为地震,来到了现代,白发飘飘,红衣妖绕,轻功绝顶。偶遇黑道公子袁鸿,因为他长得像千年前灌冯熙女毒药的将军,于是,冯熙女眼里满是恨意,杀气冲天,用尽全身的功力,重伤袁鸿。袁家老太爷发出了悬赏令,最终冯熙女被迫就擒,被送去了特种部队,教官宋子轩被折磨得死去又活来。从特种部队出来后,冯熙女被迫保护袁鸿…一,此文重口味。二,此文无阴谋无误会无小三,三无产品,走轻松欢快型路线。*—*—*冯熙女饿了,抬头看天,正好部队的信鸽飞过,于是弯腰,就地取材,弹指而出。宋子轩倒吸了一口凉气,闯大祸了!这信鸽享有部队正式编制的待遇,有专业的战士训练,是我国惟一的一支神秘的军鸽部队。冯熙女打下的这只00001号是最好的信鸽,宋子轩感觉到了阵阵血雨腥风…冯熙女却是眉开眼笑,捡起信鸽,就地取石打火,烤鸽子吃…把00001号啃得连渣都不剩,冯熙女却还未饱,于是,又抬头看天。宋子轩当机立断,拉着冯熙女狂奔去了食堂,从此,军营新一代“饭桶”产生!*—*—*带着冯熙女去练习投手榴弹,,结果,祸起萧墙。手榴弹一爆炸,响起警笛声无数。宋子轩欲哭无泪:“冯熙女,你女金刚啊!!!既然能扔到山顶上,这可是山脚!!!”灰溜溜的回去写报告,两份,一份信鸽0001号被害的报告,一份误炸放哨亭的报告,宋子轩抓破了头,也不知如何下笔,最后干脆笔一扔:“冯熙女,你写我签字。”冯熙女好奇的抓过笔,写写画画,这笔好神奇。宋子轩凑过头来,有气无力的问:“冯熙女,这鬼画符是什么意思?我确定,我不认识的字,上级也不会认识。”结果发现,冯熙女是一文盲…*—*—*冯熙女只懂肚兜,不认内衣,于是,把人事部发的表格内衣型号选项,从小到大都打上勾。去人事部领内衣时,大家都一脸古怪的看着她,那目光,让她好发寒。拿了内衣,夺路而逃,听到人事部传来哄然大笑:“偶滴个神,第一次知道胸部大小可以随心所欲,从32A的小巧玲珑到40D的无法掌握,都行!太强悍了。”“现在的小三职业也不好做啊,要舍得在身上大刀阔斧。”
  • 青少年必懂常见成语的故事(启迪青少年的语文故事集)

    青少年必懂常见成语的故事(启迪青少年的语文故事集)

    本丛书重视语文的基础知识训练,选编了常用词语、好词好句、古文名句解读,谚语、歇后语集萃,还有语文趣味故事、语文之谜以及语文大家的故事等等,目的是使中小学生在快乐的阅读中逐步提高语文知识,增加文学素养,为将来走出社会自立人生打下坚实的基础。
  • 再谈国民性

    再谈国民性

    《再谈国民性》主要关注近代中国的君臣、军阀、精英、老百姓等的所作所为。张鸣先生深挖这干人留下的历史碎片,以第三者视角重新审视,既不漂白,也不抹黑,尽可能还原各路历史人物的面貌,再现当时大小事件的实况,让更接近真实的国民性浮现出来。不了解近代中国的国民性,就难以了解现在的中国。张鸣先生所述所论,皆从为人处世常识出发,用意想不到的角度观察,以举重若轻的口吻揭示历史中为人忽略的扭曲之处,说理透彻、思想厚重,让人从中读出一份历史的启示。
  • 笑忘书

    笑忘书

    小说主要写了三个人。姥爷,小舅,三姨。姥爷几乎像个世外高人,游手好闲了一辈子,生了六个女儿。小舅擅长做菜,后来渐渐落后于时代沦为小工。三姨不满乡村生活,十六岁不告而别离家出走,在城市中历尽艰辛,十年后荣归故里,短暂停留后,再次离乡漂流,不知所终。
  • 百世重修

    百世重修

    他来者通吃,纵横人间、仙界、神界三界;他风流倜傥,坐拥知己无数;他武道神化,十步杀一人,却又一腔热血。 历史架空新书《殷》 百世重修续集《彪悍少主》 都市经典《一代宗师都市重生》