登陆注册
1122800000009

第9章 中国烹调Chinese Cuisine(4)

Beancurd or tofu (豆腐) is the largest and most important soybean food in China. Generally, beancurd is made by grinding soybeans, filtering the resulting soymilk, adding a coagulant and pressing out the excess water. Northerners traditionally prefer a harder beancurd while southerners prefer a softer, more watery product. A large portion of the beancurd made in China is further processed.

One of the most common processed products is the dried beancurd (豆腐干). This is often smoked or stewed in flavorful sauces and sold on the streets.

Another common processed product is fermented beancurd (豆腐乳). This is made by taking very hard, small beancurd cubes, inoculating them with bacteria or mold and allowing them to ferment. These are sold in the markets in bottles or earthenware jars.

Beancurd jelly (豆腐脑) is a favorite of street vendors in the south. It is extremely soft. You will see the vendors scooping it out of large pots into bowls, adding sauces according to the customer’s specifications.

Bean paste (豆瓣酱) is called miso in Japan. Bean paste is made by combining steamed soybeans with a starch—usually wheat or rice. To purchase bean paste, you bring your own container to one of the state markets and ask them to fill it with the flavor of your choice.

Fermented soybeans (豆豉) are steamed, cooled soybeans. The beans are fermented for three weeks and then mixed with salt, alcohol and water. This mixture is sealed in an earthenware vessel and stored for six months. The final product is fried or braised with meat dishes for a wonderful flavor.

Notes:1)grind磨碎;2)coagulant混凝剂;3)ferment发酵;4)inoculate灌输;5)bacteria细菌;6)mold霉;霉菌;7)earthenware jar陶器罐子;8)specification规格,明细单

15.饺子的由来有什么传说吗?

What is the legendary story about dumplings?

Dumplings are very traditional food in China. Northern Chinese people call the dumplings jiao zi (饺子), while Southern Chinese people prefer to call them hun tun or won ton (馄饨). Dumplings may be stuffed with a variety of food, including pork, mutton, beef and fish.

There are several stories concerning the origin of dumplings. According to one version, the dumpling was invented by Zhang Zhongjing (张仲景), a well-known herbal medical doctor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who wrote the book Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases (《伤寒杂病论》).

Once Zhang retired from his government affairs service and returned to his hometown, he found that in winter many local people had painful chilblains on the ear. Zhang realized that his clinic was so small that it couldn’t accommodate the increasing number of chilblain patients, so he asked his brother to put up a tent and place a cauldron in the village square. When the winter solstice arrived, Zhang started to offer medicinal herbs to chilblain patients.

His medicine was called quhan jiao’er tang (祛寒娇耳汤, herbal soup to dispel the cold and protect the ears). It consisted of mutton, red spicy peppers, and other necessary medicinal herbs. Zhang soaked them completely in water and heated them in the cauldron over a fire until the water boiled. Zhang then took all the things out of the cauldron, mincing them into stuffing. His assistants rolled out dough into each small pancake. They put the stuffing in the centre of the pancakes and wrapped them in the shape of the ear. These tiny things were named jiao’er (娇耳) or“the ear protection,”and were then all dropped into the herb soup to cook. Zhang offered each patient a bowl of the soup and two jiao’er dumplings. The patients drank the soup and ate the dumplings and soon their whole body got so warm, including their ears.

For the following days, they continued eating dumplings and drinking soup, and their ear chilblains gradually disappeared. Zhang kept offering the soup and jiao’er dumplings until New Year’s Eve. On the New Year’s Day, local people all made dumplings as a symbol to celebrate New Year’s Day and to rejoice over their recovery from the chilblains. This event turned into a tradition that has lasted until today.

Notes:1)dumpling饺子;2)a variety of多种;3)treatise专著;4)febrile发热的;5)miscellaneous各种各样的;6)chilblain冻疮;7)accommodate给……方便;8)cauldron大锅;9)physically身体上的;10)celebrate庆祝;11)rejoice感到高兴

16.你知道窝窝头的传说吗?

Do you know the legendary story about wowotou?

Wowotou (窝窝头, steamed corn bread) is made with corn flour or corn and bean flour. Steamed corn bread has a solid body and a round, flat base that gradually becomes narrower toward the top. The centre of the base is curved inward, allowing steam to easily heat the bread.

There is an interesting anecdote about steamed corn bread. In 1900, a joint force of eight countries invaded China. Empress Dowager Ci Xi (慈禧太后) fled the capital to Xi’an with her palace attendants and staff before the foreign expeditionary force moved into Beijing.

On the way to Xi’an, the empress felt hungry and extremely fatigue. The eunuchs searched everywhere, hoping to find food for the empress. They found nothing but one cold steamed corn bread from a villager nearby.

The empress quickly devoured the corn and then felt full. When Empress Dowager Ci Xi returned to her palace, she had cooks in the imperial kitchen make the steamed corn bread for her. The cooks made the bread in the same way as the common people made it. However, the bread made in the imperial kitchen was small in size, consisting of refined corn, soybean flour, sugar and sweet osmanthus petals.

同类推荐
  • 时光里的欧洲

    时光里的欧洲

    雅典的文艺与民主,罗马的教会和共和,米兰关于信仰的扩散,巴黎经典的哥特风格,佛罗伦萨的文艺复兴,维也纳的古典主义……自公元前800年到今天,从英、法、意到西班牙、奥地利,整个欧洲的脉络在大地上勾勒。这是一本深度旅游背景书,为所有准备前往欧洲的人介绍城市的故事。
  • 就这样,我去了海外生活

    就这样,我去了海外生活

    移民,从来只是手段,或者生活方式的一种。如何移民,如何在移民之后生存,并且是尽可能舒适地生存下去,才是最重要的问题。
  • 在全世界的边缘呼唤爱

    在全世界的边缘呼唤爱

    本书讲述作者因为爱情、家庭等变故,做了一个奇怪的梦,梦里的场景美轮美奂,醒来后,她决定去找寻梦中的地方,借以疗伤。她走遍欧洲,最后来到非洲,终于找到了自己梦中的地方!书中记载了她旅行期间的思考和感悟,以及对过去美好爱情的回忆。在非洲野性天然的美景中,她对人生、爱情都有了新的顿悟。全书文字优美,感情充沛,堪称一部关于爱与人生的逐梦之旅。
  • 脚下的远方

    脚下的远方

    爱是一种特别重要的素质、特别重要的能力、也是特别重要的境界。才华不光在于高智商和绝顶聪明,有的顶多是漂亮。漂亮在不太高的境界之中就常常可以找到。境界取决于理想,生活过就是爱过,生活着就是爱着。最美的永远在理想之中。如果不说理想,而包括真诚的爱的能力。人类也就没有美也没有希望了。散文写作也如此,那怕是走马看花,理想之光照耀着痛苦之肥养育的美丽。没有理想之光和痛苦之肥,匆行远方,用脚写下的游记类作品,便不可能有美丽,也缺不得爱心。应该是,人生得追求境界
  • 跟小王子去旅行

    跟小王子去旅行

    每个人心中都有一个小王子;每个人心中都向往一场旅行。小王子驾着飞船重新回到了地球,带着他的灵魂、理想和爱,与作者开始一场奇妙的旋风环球之旅。这不只是一本妙趣横生、引人入胜的游记,更是一次心灵行走的记录。地理与幸福,本来是风马牛不相及的元素,却因为小王子的出现,像一道金色的阳光,穿过层层迷雾,直达真理的彼岸。本书选取了所到过的世间最美的地方,有新奇的旅行体验,有无限的冥想遐思。假使合上这本书,你有打起背包去行走的冲动,就带上生命中的小王子,展开一次奇妙独特,又只属于你的旅行吧!
热门推荐
  • 中国地理未解之谜

    中国地理未解之谜

    人类总是充满好奇心,富有求知欲望,不仅对历史积淀的文 化知识和日益发展的科学技术具有浓厚的兴趣,而且对世界上许 许多多的未解之谜都充满了好奇心。这是人类的心理特征,也是 人类社会进步的一种基本动因。从地球到宇宙,从自然到历史, 从科学到艺术,在这许许多多的领域中,无不存在着这样或那样 的“未解之谜”。
  • 梦遇乾隆之清龙汉凤全集

    梦遇乾隆之清龙汉凤全集

    【公告】梦遇乾隆之前世今生,等待影视签约【简介】谢瑶池特别喜欢清朝乾隆年间的古董,她的家中到处是古董,因为一张床,一枚戒指她穿越到乾隆年间,成了一个内务府的包衣奴才,由于选秀进宫成了一名宫女,无意间巧遇乾隆,成就一段清龙汉凤的姻缘。她生前贵为皇贵妃,死后追封为皇后,是葬入裕陵地宫的最后一位妃子。她的儿子成了皇位的继承者。她的前世与香妃哪一个是乾隆的专宠?她到底有什么魅力?乾隆曾说过今生欠来生还,二百年后,他们重逢,乾隆的后世赵宏利,是会爱貌似香妃的何香竹,还是谢瑶池,他们间的恩怨情仇还将有什么样的继续呢?盟上三生约,不求同世生,但求同归土。朋友情弘昼头也不回地道:“不了,说了半天话,渴了,回府喝水去。”“我们家有水。”我回头盯了眼桌子上的茶壶。“我知道你们家有水,可是没人给倒呀,还是回家喝吧。初遇乾隆篇本以为是蒙混过关了,这晚上我终于睡了一个安稳觉。没想到次日刚进宫,太监过来传旨,皇帝要亲自阅选。半晌,听到一个浑厚的声音响起:“此次阅选秀女,竟有仿汉人妆饰者,实非满洲风俗。在朕前尚尔如此,其在家,恣意服饰,更不待言。嗣后但当以纯朴为贵,断不可任意妆饰。”说我吗?我低头看了看身上穿的,绿衣红裙,衣服袖口镶白底全彩绣牡丹阔边,镶滚云肩,裙的镜面上绣少许折枝花。可是刚刚选中的秀女里,衣服面料还有闪缎和妆缎、颜色还有几个胜过我的,偏偏到我这儿,宣扬不可随意妆饰。接着乾隆又道:“旗妇一耳带三钳,原系满洲旧风,断不可改节,朕选看包衣佐领之秀女,皆带一坠子,并相沿于一耳一钳,则竟非满洲矣,立行禁止。”结果回去衣服被大太太没收,又补了两个耳眼,对乾隆第一印象不太好。试膳篇总之,他是眼睛看着哪道菜,我就吃哪道,等到他二十几道菜全盯遍了,一口也没动,倒把我撑得腰都直不起来,还机械地他看哪儿,我吃哪儿,等到第三次吃肉丝山菜时,我才想起来,一道菜吃一遍就行了乾隆看着我直摇头说:“啃得乱七八糟的,朕怕狗都不肯吃。”我一本正经地说:“狗年岁大了,牙口不好,奴婢替它啃皮。”轻松搞笑,但不低俗,再现乾隆历史,盛大的秋狄,普免钱粮,逞贪官等,虽是穿越,第一人称,但是女主QQ太低,远离宫斗,令德令望。
  • 富爸爸家训

    富爸爸家训

    心理学家曾对100名3—8岁的儿童进行过调查,询问他们的钱是从哪里来的。得到的最多的答案是“钱是从爸爸的兜里掏出来的”;其次是“钱是银行给的”;再次是“钱是售货员给的”;只有20%的孩子说,钱是工作挣来的;其中最有意思的答案是“钱是长在树上的”。 怎样让孩子正确看待金钱、怎样花钱、怎样培养孩子未来的理财能力,是世界上每个国家每个家庭都会遇到的问题。由于受传统“重义轻利”思想的影响,长期以来中国青少年的理财教育处于滞后状态,甚至可以说是一片空白。
  • 贝多芬传(青少版名著系列)

    贝多芬传(青少版名著系列)

    在《贝多芬传》这本传记里,罗曼·罗兰以极大的热情提醒人们关注那些最不为人注意的伟人特点。贝多芬作为普通人的一面,从来没有像现在这样展示在人们面前;贝多芬一生所展现的英雄主义也从来没有像现在这么雄伟地展示出来,激励着无数的崇拜者。
  • 善待人生

    善待人生

    此书是培根多年反复锤炼、推敲、修改而成的经典之作。
  • 嫡女棣王妃

    嫡女棣王妃

    “姨娘,夫人似乎断气了~”“哼!这么一碗药都下去了,难道她还能活着不成?”“那这······”一个年纪稍长的人朝着这位称作姨娘的人示意了一下自己手中的婴儿,似乎有些犹豫,“这好歹是个男孩,现在夫人已经死了,如果姨娘把他占为己有,然后得了这府中的中馈······”“嬷嬷?!”女子也不等她的话说完,就打断了她,“你记住了,我恨死了这个女人,她的儿子,只能随着她去,我就是以后自己生不出儿子,抱养别人的,也不会要她的。把他给我扔马桶里面溺了,对外就说一出生就死了!”猩红的嘴唇,吐出来的话却是格外的渗人。嬷嬷还想说什么,动了动嘴,却是一句话也没有说,转身朝着后面放着马桶的地方走去。却是没有发现旁边地上一个穿着有些破旧的衣服的小女孩此刻正瞪大了眼睛看着她们两。这是什么情况?自己不是被炸死了吗?怎么会······于此同时,脑中不断有记忆闪现出来,她们是自己的母亲和刚出生的弟弟啊?!不行,先救人。转头看见旁边谁绣花留下的针线跟剪刀,想到自己前世的身手,拿起一根绣花针就朝着那个嬷嬷飞了过去,却在半路上掉落下来,暗骂一声,这人是什么破身体。却引得那两个人听见动静看了过来。女人阴狠的盯着她,“你居然没有死?”微微眯起眼睛,自己的前身也是被她们弄死的了,看样子她们谁也不会放过,抓起旁边的剪刀就冲了过去。随着几声惨叫声,从此以后,府中府外都传遍了她的“美名”——凤家大小姐心肠歹毒,刺伤了府中无数的人,宛如一个疯子。
  • 礼仪金说:国际礼仪

    礼仪金说:国际礼仪

    其二,为了使走出国门的人员获得必要的国际礼仪知识。分国别地介绍了世界主要几个国家的不同礼仪与习俗。希望本书能够成为读者走出国门的指南,并且能够在实践中真正做到“以礼待人”,金正昆教授特此编写了本书,系统地总结了现代国际交往活动中应遵循的基本礼仪规范。既注重现代国际礼仪的基本原则,又兼顾大众出国交往活动的具体性、事务性特点。本书主要分为以下两大部分:其一,介绍出国手续的办理,以及与出国有关的衣、食、住、行等方面的礼仪知识
  • 异神传说

    异神传说

    本人新书《我的老婆是幻想少女》已经上传,书号2443371,阔别两年强势回归之作,请新老书友多多支持。
  • 感动你一辈子的经典小说大全集(超值金版)

    感动你一辈子的经典小说大全集(超值金版)

    经典小说是镶嵌在世界文学宝库中熠熠发光的瑰宝,打动了亿万人的心灵。英国哲学巨人培根说过,“读史使人明智”,是盛开在人类文化园地中的绮丽芬芳的奇葩,而一部部经典小说就是一个个文学大师用如椽巨笔记载的人类的心灵史,是人类良知与情感反思的思想史,历经时间的检验和道德的考证,是人类从童稚向成熟的进化史。经典小说凝聚了作家对社会、战争、人性、生活、爱情、心理等的深刻思考。历久弥新,经典小说,散发出夺目的光芒和无可抗拒的力量,愈来愈得到人们的喜爱,它们穿透历史的尘埃和岁月的沧桑,感动了一代又一代的读者,是世界文学宝库中思想性和艺术性俱佳、内容和哲理兼备的为读者所喜闻乐见的具有典范性、权威性的小说
  • 优秀员工要有好心态好方法好素养

    优秀员工要有好心态好方法好素养

    全球500强企业奉为圭臬的理念和价值观,是为你造就优秀员工的第一思想准则和行为指南。帮助员工纵横职场,实现员工职业梦想;提升员工自身素质,成就员工卓越人生。心态决定状态,方法决定效果,素养改变命运。良好的心态+有效的方法+一流的素养=优秀员工。