登陆注册
1122800000059

第59章 佛教Buddhism(4)

According to the Buddhist classics, Wenshu (文殊菩萨) was the third son of the Holy King in charge of reincarnation. Legend has it that as Buddhists entered China, Wenshu appeared on Mt. Wutai. Therefore, people revere Mt. Wutai as the key site for Wenshu to deliver Buddhism, and monasteries there usually have his statue. Wenshu holds a sword that symbolizes his infinite Buddhist power and perfect wisdom. He rides a lion that also symbolizes his power and might. Wenshu and Puxian images are listed as close attendants to Sakyamuni image.

Notes:1)attendant陪从

12.四大天王是谁?

Who are the Four Heavenly Kings?

The Four Heavenly Kings (四大天王) are depicted as the Four Warrior Attendants (Vajras). Their origin stems from an Indian Buddhism legend which says that there is a hill called Jiantuoluo (建陀罗) situated about half way up Mt. Xumi (须弥山) in the Buddhist Western Paradise. This hill has four peaks, and each Heavenly King protects one peak. They are thus called the Four Heavenly Kings. The Lord of the East is the King of the Gandharvas (持国天王, Guardian of the Nation). He is dressed in white and holds a stringed musical instrument. The Lord of the South is the King of the Kumbhandas (增长天王, Guardian of Sprouting Growth). He is dressed in blue and holds a sword. The Lord of the West is the King of the Nagas (广目天王, Guardian of Ugly Eyes or Deformed Eyes). He is dressed in red and has a dragon in his left hand. The Lord of the North (多闻天王, Guardian of intelligence) is the best known. He is dressed in green and holds a trident in his right hand and a mongoose in his left. According to the Buddhist classics, the Four Heavenly Kings are able to drive out evil and monsters, protect Buddhas, and assure favorable conditions for the growth of crops each year. Therefore, their images are usually placed in the first main hall of a Buddhist monastery.

Notes:1)guardian保护者;2)sprout使生长;3)deformed变形的;4)intelligence智能;5)favorable称赞的

13.你对十六罗汉、十八罗汉、五百罗汉的由来知道多少?

What can be said about the legendary origin of the

Sixteen Arhats, the Eighteen Arhats and the 500

Arhats?

According to Buddhist classics, Sakyamuni’s disciples are 16 Arhats. They were instructed by the Buddha not to ascend into the Buddhist Western Paradise, but to reside in the world, where human beings take care of them, and they, in return, bring benefits to human beings. This account is based on Fazhuji (《法住记》), a Buddhist scripture translated by Tang Xuan (唐玄) that lead to the great esteem of the 16 Arhats on the part of Buddhist followers of the Han nationality. Towards the end of the Tang Dynasty, the 16 Arhats in varied editions appeared.

The evolution from the 16 Arhats to the 18 Arhats began in painting. So far we know that the earliest painting of the 18 Arhats was painted by Zhang Xuan (张玄) of the Former Shu State (前蜀, 907—925). Su Shi (苏轼) composed 18 poems to eulogize this painting, but Su Shi did not name each Arhat. A Sichuan monk named Guan Xiu (贯休) painted another 18 Arhats, and Su Shi composed another 18 poems to eulogize his painting. This time Su Shi named each Arhat, and it indicates that the rise of the Eighteen Arhats was not in accordance with the original Buddhist classics. It was artists who added two more Arhat figures to the original 16. In later generations, Buddhist followers increased the number of Arhats by unsystematically picking out names from various scriptures to make up a total of 500 Arhats. Kao Taosu of the Ming Dynasty gave a complete list of their names on his Stone Name Tablets to the 500 Arhats in Qianming Courtyard.

Notes:1)reside居住;2)evolution发展;3)eulogize颂扬;4)compose组成;5)unsystematic无系统的

14.什么是大雄宝殿?

What is the Great Buddha Hall?

The Great Buddha Hall is the main hall of a monastery. It usually has a number of huge stone pillars that support the roof, and each pillar is carved with famous Buddhist couplets. On the top of the entrance hangs a board, which says Daxiong Baodian (大雄宝殿). Daxiong means“Great Buddha”or“Great Hero”; baodian means“precious hall.”The hall contains a central altar, on which Sakyamuni sits cross-legged on a lotus throne. His two closest disciples, Kasyap (迦叶) and Ananda (阿南) flank him. In Chinese Buddhist monasteries and temples, Sakyamuni may be depicted in different positions. Seating, he is in meditation, with his left hand on his left foot and his right hand pointing downward to the earth. This suggests that Sakyamuni sacrificed in this position before he founded the Buddhist religion. Standing, he points his left hand downward and raises his right arm upward. The raised left hand signs that he is able to satisfy the wishes of all sentient beings, the right hand that he is able to save them from sufferings. Lying on his side, he stretches out his legs, with his left hand placed on them, and his head supported with his right hand. Legend has it that Sakyamuni is talking to his disciples about final arrangements just before his death.

Notes:1)altar祭坛;2)depict雕出;3)throne王位;4)su-ffering受苦的;5)stretch伸直

同类推荐
  • 间隔年,一个女孩在游行

    间隔年,一个女孩在游行

    她,蔡璐璐,一个80后单身女孩,经历了一段奇幻又刺激的间隔年之旅:在路上,她经历了单身女孩旅行可能遇到的各种惊奇、刺激和彪悍的事:她想要的,是如何在庸常不变的朝九晚五中寻找到人生的乐趣与价值,如何不在房子、车子、信用卡三座大山重压之下日渐麻木,将年少时的所有梦想抛诸脑后。也许答案就在路上。每个人只能年轻一次,即使不能像光鲜的影视剧中那般轰轰烈烈,至少要给自己一次机会,试着推开那扇通往世界的大门,哪怕只从门缝中瞭望一眼也好。
  • 脚下的远方

    脚下的远方

    爱是一种特别重要的素质、特别重要的能力、也是特别重要的境界。才华不光在于高智商和绝顶聪明,有的顶多是漂亮。漂亮在不太高的境界之中就常常可以找到。境界取决于理想,生活过就是爱过,生活着就是爱着。最美的永远在理想之中。如果不说理想,而包括真诚的爱的能力。人类也就没有美也没有希望了。散文写作也如此,那怕是走马看花,理想之光照耀着痛苦之肥养育的美丽。没有理想之光和痛苦之肥,匆行远方,用脚写下的游记类作品,便不可能有美丽,也缺不得爱心。应该是,人生得追求境界
  • 时光里的欧洲

    时光里的欧洲

    雅典的文艺与民主,罗马的教会和共和,米兰关于信仰的扩散,巴黎经典的哥特风格,佛罗伦萨的文艺复兴,维也纳的古典主义……自公元前800年到今天,从英、法、意到西班牙、奥地利,整个欧洲的脉络在大地上勾勒。这是一本深度旅游背景书,为所有准备前往欧洲的人介绍城市的故事。
  • 北京的梦影星尘

    北京的梦影星尘

    本书在描摹众多的名胜古迹同时,也力图捕捞这些尘封的脚印,为读者做地理与人文的双重导游。历经沧桑的皇宫王府、寺庙碑塔、城楼戏园、古墓名陵,如星罗棋布,构成一笔令人抚今思昔的文化遗产。作者十年磨剑,在历史与现实间来回穿梭,努力描绘一幅人间城廓的精神地图。北京不仅是著名的古都,而且是世界上最具文化特质的城市之一,无数的才子、大师在此驻留过
热门推荐
  • 尸心不改

    尸心不改

    控尸门的欢乐二缺弟子江篱炼了一具美得人神共愤引得天雷阵阵的男尸,以为好日子开始了,结果没想到门派惨遭灭门。--情节虚构,请勿模仿
  • 邪门当道

    邪门当道

    什么?犯罪学院?欺诈师!造假师!盗窃师!伪装师!陷阱师?木槿年转过头,勾起嘴角邪恶一笑,身负血海深仇,气概无双。对着身旁战战兢兢地血族仆人说,他本应是天生的人之骄子,“你今晚要是想喝血,却因故流落人间,被弃乡野。他曾一记长剑,斩杀八头恶龙。他曾力抗两大绝世宗门,挽狂澜于即倒,先给小爷磕一百个响头。”,神魔共惧
  • 不仅为薪水工作:自动、自发、高效地完成任务

    不仅为薪水工作:自动、自发、高效地完成任务

    《不仅为薪水工作:自动、自发、高效地完成任务》提出的建议简单、具体。它告诉你该怎样掌控工作和行动的主导权,该怎样达成所追求的成效。它引导你在工作中做出更多的贡献,也能让你从工作中获益更多。这是一本老板、员工可以共同分享的绝佳工具书。
  • 不太平的太平间

    不太平的太平间

    也许是医院里太多游离于死神和凡间的人,所以黑暗的力量特别浓,尤其在停放尸体的太平间,这里静得可以听见死人的呼吸和每一阵轻风,也许是因为这里口粮充足,环境幽人,所以特别容易招一些灵界的东西……
  • 超级旺夫系统

    超级旺夫系统

    妞妞蜜新书《我见默少多有病》已经上传,欢迎入坑。重生成了先天不孕不育的肥婆,面对别扭傲娇又腹黑的瘸腿老公,钱串子事妈二合一的婆婆,还有80年代落后的农村生活,陈小橙表示鸭梨山大。意外得了个超级旺夫系统,据说赢得老公好感即可增送发家技能,变靓发家不是梦!睡在金山上当贵妇,soeasy!喂!这神马系统啊,总死机bug多闹的是哪样啊!还有,内开金矿的,闪开啦!人家想要的是白马王子,不是忠犬啊。。。。。。妞妞蜜书友普群:346251814;vip神豪财团群:543398142
  • 事半功倍记忆法

    事半功倍记忆法

    本书在系统的理论分析基础上,着重分析阐释实际的记忆能力训练和具体的方法技巧,如提高记忆力的7种练习等。本书重点介绍了1O种必备的高效记忆方法。理论联系实际,使读者能够在较短的时间内掌握快速记忆的方法。
  • 大国智慧

    大国智慧

    千百年来,日本、美国、中国、印度、德国、俄罗斯、法国这七个思想大国,在历史兴衰和发展方面具有典型的意义。本书将阐述其思想的历史,探寻其智慧的精髓,总结其成功的经验。埃及卢克索神庙法老像的底座镌有一句话:“我看到昨天,我知道明天。”到过那里的人,没有不被这句话所震撼的。我们无法确定明天会发生什么,但我们可以用自己的智慧预测明天,自信地去表达、去实现我们的强国之梦。
  • 明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    《明治天皇》再现了日本从幕末走向明治维新的历史变革,以优美的文笔,宏大的场景,详细描绘了日本近代决定国运的倒幕运动的整个过程。本书塑造了一个个鲜活的日本近代史人物形象,以及他们的坚定信念,对“安政大狱”、“樱田门之变”等重大历史事件的描述详实生动,是一部了解近代日本不可多得的佳作。
  • 巫道成仙

    巫道成仙

    重生归来,以废柴四灵根的资质,她也定要凭借巫族法门成就仙道!且看废柴女的修仙之路!
  • 狂妃驯冷王

    狂妃驯冷王

    现代令人称羡的天才女,医学、动物学双博士后学位,有与动物沟通的超异能,却在一次地震中穿越到莫名王朝,附身于浩瀚大漠可汗的废材三公主身上。辽旦大国欲与大漠和亲,三公主赫连素心主动请缨,力战群公主获得了和亲资格。和亲路上她乔扮丫鬟,碰山贼、遇色狼,还有阴魂不散的冷面怪人,一路历经波折最终却未能嫁给年幼小皇帝,而是让她嫁给了当朝摄政王临王爷,大喜之日她才悲催的发现,新郎倌竟然是……看天才女如何在临王府风生水起,先替临王爷医治‘不举之症’,再替其他侧妃牵线搭桥……