登陆注册
1122800000059

第59章 佛教Buddhism(4)

According to the Buddhist classics, Wenshu (文殊菩萨) was the third son of the Holy King in charge of reincarnation. Legend has it that as Buddhists entered China, Wenshu appeared on Mt. Wutai. Therefore, people revere Mt. Wutai as the key site for Wenshu to deliver Buddhism, and monasteries there usually have his statue. Wenshu holds a sword that symbolizes his infinite Buddhist power and perfect wisdom. He rides a lion that also symbolizes his power and might. Wenshu and Puxian images are listed as close attendants to Sakyamuni image.

Notes:1)attendant陪从

12.四大天王是谁?

Who are the Four Heavenly Kings?

The Four Heavenly Kings (四大天王) are depicted as the Four Warrior Attendants (Vajras). Their origin stems from an Indian Buddhism legend which says that there is a hill called Jiantuoluo (建陀罗) situated about half way up Mt. Xumi (须弥山) in the Buddhist Western Paradise. This hill has four peaks, and each Heavenly King protects one peak. They are thus called the Four Heavenly Kings. The Lord of the East is the King of the Gandharvas (持国天王, Guardian of the Nation). He is dressed in white and holds a stringed musical instrument. The Lord of the South is the King of the Kumbhandas (增长天王, Guardian of Sprouting Growth). He is dressed in blue and holds a sword. The Lord of the West is the King of the Nagas (广目天王, Guardian of Ugly Eyes or Deformed Eyes). He is dressed in red and has a dragon in his left hand. The Lord of the North (多闻天王, Guardian of intelligence) is the best known. He is dressed in green and holds a trident in his right hand and a mongoose in his left. According to the Buddhist classics, the Four Heavenly Kings are able to drive out evil and monsters, protect Buddhas, and assure favorable conditions for the growth of crops each year. Therefore, their images are usually placed in the first main hall of a Buddhist monastery.

Notes:1)guardian保护者;2)sprout使生长;3)deformed变形的;4)intelligence智能;5)favorable称赞的

13.你对十六罗汉、十八罗汉、五百罗汉的由来知道多少?

What can be said about the legendary origin of the

Sixteen Arhats, the Eighteen Arhats and the 500

Arhats?

According to Buddhist classics, Sakyamuni’s disciples are 16 Arhats. They were instructed by the Buddha not to ascend into the Buddhist Western Paradise, but to reside in the world, where human beings take care of them, and they, in return, bring benefits to human beings. This account is based on Fazhuji (《法住记》), a Buddhist scripture translated by Tang Xuan (唐玄) that lead to the great esteem of the 16 Arhats on the part of Buddhist followers of the Han nationality. Towards the end of the Tang Dynasty, the 16 Arhats in varied editions appeared.

The evolution from the 16 Arhats to the 18 Arhats began in painting. So far we know that the earliest painting of the 18 Arhats was painted by Zhang Xuan (张玄) of the Former Shu State (前蜀, 907—925). Su Shi (苏轼) composed 18 poems to eulogize this painting, but Su Shi did not name each Arhat. A Sichuan monk named Guan Xiu (贯休) painted another 18 Arhats, and Su Shi composed another 18 poems to eulogize his painting. This time Su Shi named each Arhat, and it indicates that the rise of the Eighteen Arhats was not in accordance with the original Buddhist classics. It was artists who added two more Arhat figures to the original 16. In later generations, Buddhist followers increased the number of Arhats by unsystematically picking out names from various scriptures to make up a total of 500 Arhats. Kao Taosu of the Ming Dynasty gave a complete list of their names on his Stone Name Tablets to the 500 Arhats in Qianming Courtyard.

Notes:1)reside居住;2)evolution发展;3)eulogize颂扬;4)compose组成;5)unsystematic无系统的

14.什么是大雄宝殿?

What is the Great Buddha Hall?

The Great Buddha Hall is the main hall of a monastery. It usually has a number of huge stone pillars that support the roof, and each pillar is carved with famous Buddhist couplets. On the top of the entrance hangs a board, which says Daxiong Baodian (大雄宝殿). Daxiong means“Great Buddha”or“Great Hero”; baodian means“precious hall.”The hall contains a central altar, on which Sakyamuni sits cross-legged on a lotus throne. His two closest disciples, Kasyap (迦叶) and Ananda (阿南) flank him. In Chinese Buddhist monasteries and temples, Sakyamuni may be depicted in different positions. Seating, he is in meditation, with his left hand on his left foot and his right hand pointing downward to the earth. This suggests that Sakyamuni sacrificed in this position before he founded the Buddhist religion. Standing, he points his left hand downward and raises his right arm upward. The raised left hand signs that he is able to satisfy the wishes of all sentient beings, the right hand that he is able to save them from sufferings. Lying on his side, he stretches out his legs, with his left hand placed on them, and his head supported with his right hand. Legend has it that Sakyamuni is talking to his disciples about final arrangements just before his death.

Notes:1)altar祭坛;2)depict雕出;3)throne王位;4)su-ffering受苦的;5)stretch伸直

同类推荐
  • 沧海(第一辑)

    沧海(第一辑)

    本书集汇了作者多年来思考和学习的成果,展示了作者“上下求索”的心路历程。其贯穿始终的中心思想,是与现实主旋律紧密合拍的,那就是:“以人为本”,构建“和谐社会”。
  • 喜爱新鲜空气的人:旅行笔记

    喜爱新鲜空气的人:旅行笔记

    读梭罗克斯的书即是开始一次内容丰富的旅行,有让人喜出望外的,有喜剧的,有盘根错节、纠缠不清的,有壮观惊人的。所有愉快的旅行都应该是这个样子的。
  • 笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理

    笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理

    《笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理》这部长达四十万字的旅行散文集里,陈大刚写下了他几十年的“走”和走,前者是精神的,后者是肉体的。他的确走了很多地方,或是因公,或是刻意去旅游,时而青藏高原、时而丝绸古道、时而北国的雪、时而南疆的风,时而天高云谈、时而碧海杨波……,他记下了他的所见所闻,但更多的是放飞了自己的所思所虑——就这样,用了五年的时间,他终于完成了《笔走大中国:一个人的国家地理》这样一部值得一读的旅行散文集。
  • 餐馆盈利术:中小餐馆利润突破与管理细节大全

    餐馆盈利术:中小餐馆利润突破与管理细节大全

    民以食为天,人要活着就得吃饭,餐饮业是个常青的行业,但并不是每个餐饮店都生意兴隆。餐饮业的经营到底有什么秘诀呢?多个高速成长的餐饮企业告诉我们:餐饮业的竞争异常激烈,而决定餐饮店永续生存的关键,在于餐饮店所提供的附加价值。本书就是要告诉你餐馆盈利的技术。我们从细节入手,清楚准确、细致入微地指出餐馆经营中各个环节应注意的问题。为餐饮企业提供了最佳的解决方案,是有效增强餐饮企业竞争力的得力助手。
  • 红泥炉(全集)

    红泥炉(全集)

    本书分上下两册。上册以游记、随笔为主,以轻松明快的文笔,描写了旅途中的所见所闻所感及对生活的热爱和人生感悟。带给人以愉快的阅读享受。下册以严肃的文笔,对山西的人文历史、未来发展做了细致的分析、论述,以睿智的、深刻的思考带给读者以深思及人生的启迪。
热门推荐
  • 明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    明治天皇:孝明帝驾崩卷(下册)

    《明治天皇》再现了日本从幕末走向明治维新的历史变革,以优美的文笔,宏大的场景,详细描绘了日本近代决定国运的倒幕运动的整个过程。本书塑造了一个个鲜活的日本近代史人物形象,以及他们的坚定信念,对“安政大狱”、“樱田门之变”等重大历史事件的描述详实生动,是一部了解近代日本不可多得的佳作。
  • 网恋这盘菜

    网恋这盘菜

    秦宇从没料到抢个boss能引出这么大动静。那身无半两肉的小牧师居然有个大号位列异域十强。好在秦宇用的是朋友账号,没暴露出自己真实身份。否则被追杀滋味可不好受。惹不起她彤爱君,躲总行吧?喂喂,同学你说什么?你看见班长大人在玩异域,你说那优等生眼镜妹玩异域等级还比咱高?她叫什么?大声点听不见!什么什么?彤—爱—君!秦宇超淡定,45度角忧伤望天:上帝,不带这么整人的!
  • 抢来的新娘

    抢来的新娘

    这世界上还有什么比沦为替代品更悲哀的?我说有,那就是被沦为男人的报负品,一个无情无心,一个残无人道,两个男人之间的仇怨竟然让我承担,最好的下场只是奴隶,男人的泄恨,如毁天灭地,叫我一个弱女子如何承受?在他的眼中,我只是姐姐的替代品,供他赏心悦目,却从不温柔对待,更别说他的爱,从不会下注在我身上,他说我不配,我哪里不配?在他眼中,我是好友之妻,。。。。。他的温润如水,是唯一缓解我身心疲惫的良药,却已是别人的夫。在他眼中,我是他的嫂,。。。。呃。。。冒汗的简介,痕儿暂时用着吧!一时之间,痕儿也写不完整,不过,虽然简介有些残虐,但,此文是轻松文,女主怀有一颗善良的心,乐观向上的性格。。。。《呃。。。迎接亲们砖头的同时,痕儿硬着头皮发上来,亲们还是少扔些砖头,菜叶,因为我们要爱护环境嘛!呵。。。痕儿的新文,希望亲们多支持。》下面推荐后妃大大的文,是一部文笔十分过人,好看,新颖,让人回味无穷.<王爷的罪妃>下面是痕儿已完结文,呵亲们有兴趣可以欣赏一下!〈出轨王妃〉:〈冷宫晚妃〉:〈丫环皇后〉:〈罂粟皇后〉:〈总裁的玩物〉:〈将军的替身小妾〉:〈皇妃---别走〉:痕儿的新文出炉了,呵,欢迎亲们去欣赏,现代文:《总裁的深度诱惑》穿越文:〈失身变弃妇〉痕儿新坑,有空的亲们去踩踩,《王妃欠调教》有兴趣的亲们可以去踩踩哦!亲们,痕儿新文,欢迎来踩,都市言情:《恶劣富少极品男》顺便推荐后妃大大超好看的精彩文文,《狂野未婚夫》呵,还有自已的新文《总裁惹不得》痕儿最新现代文,《总裁的惩罚游戏》喜欢现代都市文的亲们,记得过来踩踩哦!推荐好友一本书,《夫君十个不算多》轻松又搞笑的哦!痕儿的新文,望亲们多来踩踩,《总裁的豪夺妻》
  • 当代文坛点将录4

    当代文坛点将录4

    《当代文坛点将录》共五卷,收录五十位作家。文章大都出自名家之手,或为文坛名家或传主的亲友,或同被写的传主关系密切。他们写出的关于某一名家的创作背后的故事或花絮都是第一手材料,对于了解被写名家的创作与生活均有重要意义,同时也可以满足一般读者对著名作家的窥私欲。
  • 中欧现代著名作家(世界文学百科)

    中欧现代著名作家(世界文学百科)

    本套书系共计24册,包括三大部分。第一部分“文学大师篇”,主要包括中国古代著名作家、中国现代著名作家、世界古代著名作家、亚非现代著名作家、美洲现代著名作家、俄苏现代著名作家、中欧现代著名作家、西欧现代著名作家、南北欧现代著名作家等内容;第二部分“文学作品篇”,主要包括中国古代著名作品、中国现代著名作品、世界古代著名作品、亚非现代著名作品、美洲现代著名作品、俄苏现代著名作品、西欧现代著名作品、中北欧现代著名作品、东南欧现代著名作品等内容;第三部分“文学简史篇”,主要包括中国古代文学简史、中国近代文学简史、中国现代文学简史、世界古代文学简史、世界近代文学简史、世界现代文学简史等内容。
  • 猫空爱情故事

    猫空爱情故事

    对于政大,我有一种似乎永远都抛不开的眷恋。别人问我,为什么对政大有这么深的喜爱?其实说真的,我不太清楚,但我惟一有印象的原因有两个。1、从小就喜欢张雨生,所以爱屋及乌。2、你应该听说过一句话:“得不到的,在心里永远是好的。”如果你一定要问出一个所以然,那我只能告诉你,政大之于我,就像皮卡丘之于小朋友一样。因为在猫空发迹,所以似乎有很多人认为我是政大的学生。对于各位会有这样的误会,我只能说抱歉。
  • 嚣张宝宝总裁妈

    嚣张宝宝总裁妈

    欧阳水梦做梦也没想到,自己从小到大的玩伴丽莎,竟然勾引她的丈夫,抢走了她儿子的父亲。而她还多次对自己诉说思念,还高谈自己的恋爱幸福史。在一个黄昏的午后,水梦以上千元结束她们的下午茶。席间,她们谈到她的家,她的男人,水梦声称,很希望能够到她的家做客。丽莎看到水梦的消费水平连下午茶都达上千元时,她有些羡慕,又有些嫉妒。这个女人,为什么总是过得比她好,即使拥有了她的丈夫,并完全占有了她的家,她依然能活出如此鲜活的自我。当李默看到大陆总公司的执行长时,不禁为之震惊,这女人,竟然是自己最爱的、认为无法被家人所承认而选择放弃的女人?——————————————————————————推荐晗晗的新书:《调皮宝宝迷糊妻》***************推荐:暄的书:《穿越之无泪无心》一个女人,太多男人的爱,究竟花落谁家,静请期待!苦情儿:《妖娆太子妃》夏草青青:《老鸨王妃》夏草青青:《我得负责》美娃:《混血小天使》
  • 盛世蜜婚:阔少的千金新娘

    盛世蜜婚:阔少的千金新娘

    他将她拥入怀中,我追尾了...”炎辰易吓得出了一身冷汗,丢下一干商界大亨...“老婆,“老婆,我马上到...”“老公,他说我把自己卖了都赔不起...”“不对,别怕,炎辰易接到了乐樱的电话。乐樱委屈的声音再次响起。”,他说我把我全家卖了都赔不起...”炎辰易快速地推开布加迪威龙的车门,十几亿的签约仪式上,淡淡地瞟了一眼前方报废的兰博基尼。十几分钟后。只听见车祸现场再次传来一阵惊天动地的巨响“老公,别怕,问题解决了。
  • 格萨尔王传

    格萨尔王传

    《藏族英雄史诗——格萨尔王传》中优美生动的文字、简明通俗的语言、图文并茂的形式,把中国文化中的物态文化、制度文化、行为文化、精神文化等知识要点全面展示给读者。点点滴滴的文化知识仿佛颗颗繁星,组成了灿烂辉煌的中国文化的天穹。能为弘扬中华五千年优秀传统文化、增强各民族团结、构建社会主义和谐社会尽一份绵薄之力。
  • 生活卷(文摘小说精品)

    生活卷(文摘小说精品)

    这是读者俱乐部主编的一套书籍,里面包含青春、情感、家庭、校园、情境、师生、社会、父母、智慧等诸多方面,从不同的角度,向我们阐释了它们的意义,是一本伴随人生的书籍,也是一套不可多得的好书系。在《智慧卷》里面,文字充满智慧,让读者在阅读的同时,感受到来自智者的声音,启迪我们去探寻生命以及生活的意义,值得一读!