主动性
Motivation and Goal Setting
？佚名 / Anonymous
Are you wondering why you are not very “motivated” for your studies？ Or do you know why and want some ideas about how to increase your motivation？
Practical Suggestions
Spend time studying every day so the work does not pile up.
As soon as you get an assignment do some work on it right away.
Keep the momentum up.
Don’t start a project and then put it down for too long.
Make sure you work on the project a little each day.
Break big tasks into smaller tasks.
Make the small tasks accomplishable in a reasonable amount of time.
Mark off when you have accomplished each subtask to show yourself your progress.
Every time you sit down to study， set a minimal goal and accomplish it.
Don’t expect your initial efforts to be your final efforts.
Allow yourself the time to just get your ideas and thoughts down.
Take the pressure off of yourself to get it perfect the first time and you will be less reluctant to begin.
Reward yourself after (not before) the study session by doing something pleasurable.
If you get stuck on an assignment ask for help from an instructor， peer， or tutor.
Always study when you are alert and plan study sessions during your on hours.
Use relaxation exercises to put yourself into a positive mood before studying.
Make sure your study area and materials are accessible and organized.
Don’t use cleaning as a means to procrastinate.
Always keep your study area and materials organized.
Set aside some time each day to generate you “To Do” list for your next study session.
Set Personal Goals
Sometimes people procrastinate because their goals are not in line with their intentions. In order to understand your procrastinating habit， it is important to become more aware of what is important to you. Ask critical questions about your goals： “Do these goals reflect my interest and values？ Am I willing to make these goals a priority？” Unless your goal has a high priority in your life， you probably will not devote sufficient attention and effort to succeed in it.
According to psychologists Jane B. Burkea and Lenora M. Yuen， it is helpful to define your goals in behavioral terms； make each goal an action or behavior you can carry out.
Take time to write out your goals now. Separate them into three categories.
Life Goals
University Goals
This Semester’s Goals
Once you have listed your goals in each category， take just a few minutes and number the top three in each category. Now you have nine prioritized goals. Under each goal， list the actions you must take to achieve it. Select the top three actions and put them on your schedule to do. Be realistic about timelines but be dedicated about adhering to them.
你是否想过自己的学习主动性为什么不强？你知道这是为什么吗？你想知道如何才能提高学习的主动性吗？
实用建议
坚持每天学习，工作才不会堆积在一起。
布置的任务要尽快完成。
保持积极向上的精神面貌。
做事要善始善终。
一项任务要坚持每天都做一点儿。
把大任务分成数个小任务去完成。
在合理的时间内完成小任务。
每完成一个小任务都要记录下来，让自己看到进步。
每次坐下来学习时，设定一个最低目标并实现。
不要期盼最初的努力就是最后的努力。
给自己留下记录观点和想法的时间。
轻装上阵，初战告捷，就是良好的开始。
完成学习之后（不是之前）做开心的事，犒劳自己。
在学习上遇到困难，可以求助于老师、同学或者家庭教师。
在清醒时要不断学习，在工作日制订学习计划。
学习前，通过放松运动把自己调整到最佳状态。
要选择可以掌控的研究领域，确保材料是容易搜集的。
不要把打扫卫生当成不学习的借口。
要让自己的研究和材料搜集工作进行得井然有序。
每天花一点儿时间为下一阶段的学习制订具体计划。
确立个人目标
因为目标和计划相悖，人们有时做事会拖拖拉拉。要改掉这种坏习惯，就要明白什么对自己是重要的。要常常对目标产生质疑：“这些目标是否是我的兴趣所在？有价值吗？我要把这些目标放在首要位置吗？”假如不放在优先位置，你很可能不会全身心地去实现它。
心理学家詹妮·B.布凯和里诺拉·M.尤恩认为，用行为定义自己的目标是有益的，要将每个目标转变为一个行动或一个能执行的行为。
现在花一些时间写出你的目标，并把它分为三类：
生活目标
大学目标
学期目标
一旦你列出每类大目标后，花几分钟时间标出每一类大目标中最重要的三个小目标。现在你拥有九个优先目标，在每个目标下列出达到目标要采取的行动，并制订出时间表。时间表要符合实际，必须严格执行。
1. Make the_______tasks accomplishable in a reasonable amount of time.
Mark off when you have accomplished_______subtask to show yourself your progress.
Every time you sit_______to study， set a minimal goal and accomplish it.
2. Sometimes people procrastinate_______their goals are not in line with their intentions. In order to understand your procrastinating_______，it is important to become_______aware of what is important_______you.
1. 一项任务要坚持每天都做一点儿。
2. 轻装上阵，初战告捷，就是良好的开始。
3. 用行为定义自己的目标是有益的，要将每个目标转变为一个行动或一个能执行的行为。
1. Spend time studying every day so the work does not pile up.
pile up：积累；堆放起来
2. Separate them into three categories.
separate into：把……分成；分离成
