登陆注册
1122800000046

第46章 中国戏剧艺术ChineseOperaArts(3)

Sichuan Opera is the major form of local opera in Southwestern China, popular in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. It appeared around the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and it has adapted four major melodic forms. One is kunshan Tune (昆腔), which originated in the southern Yangtze Basin and was later imported to Sichuan. It sounds gentle, clear, and fluent.

The second is huqing Voice (胡琴), a voiced form that derives mainly from the xipi (西皮腔) and erhuang (二黄腔) melodic families of Huiju Opera in Hubei Province.

The third is tanxi (弹戏), one of the oldest forms of opera in China. During the Ming Dynasty, it appeared in Shaanxi, Hunan and other areas. As it was introduced into Sichuan, local people called it Chuanbangzi Opera (川梆子). Chuan means Sichuan; bangzi indicates wooden clapper with bars of unequal length, which is used as an accompaniment to produce a strong rhythm in harmony with the clear, loud voices of the Chuanbangzi Opera.

The last one is gaoqiang (高腔), a high-pitched singing style. It is the most highly known style among the multi-tunes of Sichuan Opera. Its solo vocal range extends beyond the eight-bar music scale, and its melodic ornamentation sounds both elegant and energetic. Its high-pitched tune usually has no stringed accompaniment. Its solo vocalization moves quickly up or down the scale and skillfully gives a throbbing effect and embellishments to the tones. Sparse rhythmical emphasis from the wooden clappers usually accompanies the high-pitched melody, and choral effects from the band either repeats or elaborates on what the solo melody sings.

Notes:1)adapt改编;2)vocal歌唱的;3)energetic精神饱满的;4)throb有节奏地震动;5)embellishment装饰

10.川剧变脸是怎么回事?

What is the face-changing performance in Sichuan Opera?

In Sichuan Opera, some characters suddenly show their magical power by quick changes of facial patterns without makeup, jumping through burning hoops and hiding swords. Among these magic tricks, the face-changing is the most popular. An actor playing a bandit may change his faces nine times, each time to escape pursuers, and an evil sorcerer changes his face with his moods.

The face-changing is bianlian in Chinese, and it is an important intangible cultural heritage. Only a few masters have grasped this skill. They know how to change masks magically in quick succession. As they flourish their arms and twist their heads, their painted masks change again and again and again.

Face-changing got its start 300 years ago. At the beginning, actors changed the color of their faces during performances by blowing into a bowl of red, black or gold powder. The powder would adhere to their oiled skin quickly. In another method, actors would smear their faces with colored paste concealed in the palms of their hands. By the 1920’s, actors began using layers of masks made of oiled paper or dried pig bladders. They could peel off one after another in the blink of an eye. At present, actors use full-face, painted silk mask. They can be worn in layers, as many as two-dozen thick, and be pulled off one by one.

Notes:1)hoop箍状物;2)bandit强盗;3)sorcerer巫师;4)intangible难以确定的;5)heritage继承物;6)magically不可思议地;7)succession一连串;8)smear涂抹;9)conceal隐蔽;10)bladder囊状物

11.什么是皮影戏?

What is Chinese Shadow Play?

Chinese Shadow Play is also known as Chinese Shadow Puppets. Originated in the Han Dynasty, the play became quite popular as early as the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 40 to 50 shadow show troupes in the city of Beijing alone. In the Qing Dynasty, the shadow play came to maturity in Chengdu. They mainly existed in counties across Western Sichuan, with Chengdu as its centre. Folk artists usually call it the“Chengdu shadow act under the leather lamplight.”Zhou Xun (周询) of the Qing Dynasty said,“The shadow play exists everywhere in China. However, the ingenious and exquisite workmanship in other places is not comparable to that of Chengdu (灯影戏各省多有,然无如成都之精备者).”

Chinese Shadow Play combines storytelling and entertainment, and demonstrates the style of harmony and exaggeration. In addition, it presents a unique artistic charm due to the fact that it has merged traditional forms of paper-cut, mural painting, stone carving, operas, music, etc.

The shadow puppets are brightly painted leather figures. Each puppet’s trunk, head, and limbs are separately carved but joined together by thread so that each puppet part can be manipulated by the operator to simulate human movements. A talented operator can make puppet figures appear to walk, dance, fight, nod or laugh.

The“stage”for the shadow play is usually a white cloth screen on which the shadows of puppet figures are projected. Operators are all under the stage, manipulating rods that support separate parts of each puppet figure. A traditional puppet figure has six or seven parts supported by two or three rods. Sometimes one operator can skillfully manipulate more than three puppets at the same time.

Today, puppets are used to tell dramatic versions of traditional fairy tales and myths. In Gansu province, it is accompanied by Daoqing music; while in Jilin, it shows to the accompaniment of Huanglong music form and some of the basis of modern opera.

Notes:1)troupe剧团;2)lamplight灯光;3)ingenious巧妙的;4)workmanship技艺;5)storytelling说故事;6)exaggeration夸张;7)woodblock木版;9)intricately复杂地;10)manipulate操纵;11)simulate模拟;12)nod点头;13)to the accompaniment of在……伴奏下

同类推荐
  • 孩子一定要去的50个地方(外国篇)

    孩子一定要去的50个地方(外国篇)

    本丛书是一套亲子旅游图书,分为中国篇和外国篇两本。编者分别在中国和外国精心遴选了50个地方,既有祖国的名山大川、人文奇景,也有世界著名的旅游胜地。在这里,我们把它们串联了起来,组成了一幅完美的旅行大画卷。本套丛书不仅有精美的图画,还辅以翔实的旅游相关资讯、文史科普知识、传说故事等等,全面介绍了父母和孩子在领略这些旅游胜地时所涉及的方方面面,尽可能详尽地提供了各个旅行地的有关资讯,是父母朋友与孩子外出必备的旅游指南书。也适合孩子单独阅读,以增长他的人文知识,丰富他的人生阅历。
  • 清凉菩提

    清凉菩提

    “菩提十书”之《清凉菩提》:我们不能只有知性,也应该充满清明的感情,知性是看见浩渺宇宙与众生心地都有星星,戌性则是让自己的心恒常亮着一颗星星。我们的星星在交会时有小小的感动、小小的开悟,互相闪烁、互相带来清凉,使我们能痛快积极地生活,并且珍惜人心。本书是菩提系列的第六部,给热恼的人间带来清凉,有如醍醐与甘露。
  • 凤眼菩提

    凤眼菩提

    “菩提十书”之《凤眼菩提》:有一种凤眼菩提子串成的念珠,每一粒上面都有美丽优雅的眼睛。这美丽的凤眼菩提子除了念的清净,还启示我们应有独特的非凡之眼、美丽之眼、智慧之眼、悲悯之眼、宽容之眼来观照无常的人间。《凤眼菩提》是林清玄继《紫色菩提》后更深入探寻般若智慧的作品,让烦恼都化成智慧的清气,使我们活得自在光明,不怀丝毫遗憾。
  • 天界地界

    天界地界

    讲述作者(常年华)三次西部行,看尽八万里路云和雪,历尽艰难险阻,阅尽醉人景色。作者以日记的形式讲述帕米尔高原无人居住区域、藏地至今尚未通车的墨脱县,以及那些遥远、路险、常人很难去的那些地方的所见、所听、所感。《天界地界(两疆穿行八万里)》是一本文化旅游读本,对于向往西藏、新疆旅游的读者起着向导作用。
热门推荐
  • 宫女Ⅱ

    宫女Ⅱ

    她本是一太医之女,却因为一桩惊天大阴谋,不得不入宫为婢。她只是一个平凡的女子,不相信世间情爱,她只是想要保留一颗纯洁的心,不被别人占了去,人如果没有了心,是活不下去的。她只是想要在宫里默默无闻的过上一年,时间一到,她就可以恢复自由身。她太懒,懒得去争宠,懒的做飞上枝头变凤凰的美梦。她自认有自知之明,也总是掩藏她的锋芒,只想做一个平凡宫女,不想和宫里的任何人扯上半点关系。可是却在阴差阳错间,救了皇帝。她好后悔,她真的不想高攀皇上,最好到死都不要看到他。噩运却接二连三的找上她,俊雅无双,清华飘尘的琴师,。丰神俊逸,灿如春花的小侯爷,不计小节的要和她做知己。她到底该怎么办,为何一年的时间变得这样漫长啊。算了,纠缠吧,不是她想通了,而是她觉得躲来躲去会很累,而她天生懒怠。只是她也不是吃素的,谁要是惹急了她,那就泻药伺候,如果还不行,那就来点春药。不要怪她,这是被迫的。第二卷再次回到皇宫,很多的事情都不同了。虽然她只是相当一名默默无闻的小宫女。当太皇太后问她,到底喜欢谁的时候,她挣扎再三,却给不出一个答案。因为她怕失去自由,也怕伤害到他们其中的谁。"太皇太后,奴婢不想要嫁人。“她不敢去看他们失望的眼神,这样其实对谁都好,只是为何心却隐约会痛。可是没有人因为她的退让而放过她,后宫争宠本来就是残酷的,而她的错就是让皇帝看上了她。当阴谋再次展开,皇帝的不信任,狠狠的伤了她的心,当她以为必死无疑的时候。"我相信你不会做出那样的事情来,我现在就带你闯出天牢。"当小侯爷不顾一切的冲入天牢,对着她说相信她的时候,她灿烂一笑。面前是无数的狱卒,他笑得灿若春花,一步步的抱着她,走出天牢。大婚前夕,她却突然得知了自己的身世,而原本放手的皇帝再次威胁她回到她的身边,这一次她没有抗拒。他特意的冷落她,只是想要惩罚她的冷漠,却不想一场火灾,让他永远的失去了她。对着废墟一天一夜,他不相信她会离开他,疯了一样的寻找,却只是一次次的让自己伤心欲绝
  • 紫芒魂帝

    紫芒魂帝

    他大哥是特亚大陆顶顶有名的天才第一人,鼬之狩,他父亲是狩之一族的一族之长,兀烈狩,他母亲则是被三头冥犬看守的神秘之人,那么他是谁呢?他是被整个特亚大陆之上所有势力捕杀的对象,他是上千年来,拥有灵兽级别以上的召唤兽之人。
  • 傻子王爷无情妃

    傻子王爷无情妃

    一只毒蝎子,彻底断送了她年轻的生命!别人只知道,那个软弱没主见的女人被迫嫁给一个痴傻呆闷的七皇子。殊不知,她早已不再是“她”!面对痴傻只会憨笑的美男,她气愤难填!你傻,本美女就医好你,谁知医好后,遭到嫌弃,却换来一纸休书,气愤之下,她恨不得与他同归于尽……
  • 梦里

    梦里

    梦里的他,她,它还是他们原来都只是我的假想?我会不会有那么一天迷失在这不真实的世界里再也回不去了。那么我也该明白:我,是不应该对着一切有所动情的。我,只是一个旁观者才对。
  • 嫡女棣王妃

    嫡女棣王妃

    “姨娘,夫人似乎断气了~”“哼!这么一碗药都下去了,难道她还能活着不成?”“那这······”一个年纪稍长的人朝着这位称作姨娘的人示意了一下自己手中的婴儿,似乎有些犹豫,“这好歹是个男孩,现在夫人已经死了,如果姨娘把他占为己有,然后得了这府中的中馈······”“嬷嬷?!”女子也不等她的话说完,就打断了她,“你记住了,我恨死了这个女人,她的儿子,只能随着她去,我就是以后自己生不出儿子,抱养别人的,也不会要她的。把他给我扔马桶里面溺了,对外就说一出生就死了!”猩红的嘴唇,吐出来的话却是格外的渗人。嬷嬷还想说什么,动了动嘴,却是一句话也没有说,转身朝着后面放着马桶的地方走去。却是没有发现旁边地上一个穿着有些破旧的衣服的小女孩此刻正瞪大了眼睛看着她们两。这是什么情况?自己不是被炸死了吗?怎么会······于此同时,脑中不断有记忆闪现出来,她们是自己的母亲和刚出生的弟弟啊?!不行,先救人。转头看见旁边谁绣花留下的针线跟剪刀,想到自己前世的身手,拿起一根绣花针就朝着那个嬷嬷飞了过去,却在半路上掉落下来,暗骂一声,这人是什么破身体。却引得那两个人听见动静看了过来。女人阴狠的盯着她,“你居然没有死?”微微眯起眼睛,自己的前身也是被她们弄死的了,看样子她们谁也不会放过,抓起旁边的剪刀就冲了过去。随着几声惨叫声,从此以后,府中府外都传遍了她的“美名”——凤家大小姐心肠歹毒,刺伤了府中无数的人,宛如一个疯子。
  • 妖王的追妻攻略

    妖王的追妻攻略

    “公子,借窗一用,可否?”初次相见,她被追的走投无路,只得向他借路!她,六王府小郡主,天之骄女,嗜好美男成性。数年前,无意惹了某妖孽后,逃之夭夭,怎知那人不仅是长的妖孽,本就是妖孽,妖界之王,魅惑众生!从此两人从此两人牵扯丝丝缕缕。他为她成为第一富商,她浑然不知,恣意快活!数年后,一两银子的交易,更让他咬牙切齿的算计,誓要纳其为后!
  • 倾世兵团

    倾世兵团

    一个空怀大志的少年,受尽官兵欺压。一把王者之剑改变了他的命运,招兵买马,聚贤纳才,绝世妖孽尽皆追随左右。他们强大,他们冷血,他们忠诚,他们残忍!一支足以让世人恐惧的兵团就此现世。千年兵团被兵团屠灭,后人皆称这支可怕的兵团为--死神兵团!
  • 东宫有本难念的经

    东宫有本难念的经

    宝庆十九年春,大佑国皇太子大婚,大将军之女入主东宫。一个不是淑女的将门千金遭遇一个不是文韬武略的中庸太子,到底是佳偶天成,还是冤家路窄?成婚一年不足,太子忽然休妻。迷影重重,生死茫茫,这样一来,还是不是大团圆结局?
  • 妃常彪悍之娘亲揍他

    妃常彪悍之娘亲揍他

    新书已发《最强医妃:邪王,太狂野!》,她是众所周知的废物,胆小懦弱人可欺,被亲姐害死;她是21世纪的医生,车祸穿越,从此废物翻身,斗继母,惩亲姐,习魔法,把第一天才踩在脚下;惹上腹黑男,招来小包子,异世的生活也可以风生水起、甜甜蜜蜜!--情节虚构,请勿模仿
  • 无敌大小姐

    无敌大小姐

    当现代阴狠毒辣,手段极多的火家大小姐火无情,穿越到一个好色如命,花痴草包大小姐身上,会发生怎样的化学反应?火无情一醒过来就发现,自己竟然在众目睽睽之下上演脱衣秀。周围还有一群围观者。这一发现,让她极为不爽。刚刚穿好衣服,便看到一个声称是自家老头的老不死气势汹汹的跑来问罪。刚上来,就要打她。这还得了?她火无情从生自死,都是王者。敢动她的人,都在和阎王喝茶。于是,她一怒之下,打了老爹。众人皆道:火家小姐阴狠毒辣,竟然连老爹都不放在眼里。就这样,她的罪名又多了一条。蛇蝎美人。穿越后,火无情的麻烦不断。第一天,打了爹。第二天,毁了姐姐的容。第三天,骂了二娘。第四天,当众轻薄了天下第一公子。第五天,火家贴出招亲启事:但凡愿意娶火家大小姐者,皆可去火府报名。来者不限。不怕死,不想活的,欢迎前来。警示:但凡来此,生死皆与火家无关。若有残病者火家一律不负法律责任。本以为无人敢到,岂料是桃花朵朵。美男个个很妖娆一号美人:火无炎。火家大少爷。为人不清楚,手段不清楚。容貌不清楚。唯一清楚的是,他有钱。有多多的钱。火无情语录:钱是好东西。娶了。(此美男,由美瞳掩饰不了你眼神的空洞领养。)火老爷一气之下,昏了过去。家门不幸,家门不幸啊。二号美人:竹清月。江湖人称天上神仙,地上无月。大国师一枚。美得惊天动地。火无情语录:美人好,尤其是自带嫁妆又会预测未来的美人,娶了。(此美男,由东de琳琳领养)三号美人:轩辕子玉。当朝七皇子,游历四国。一张可爱无敌的脸。单纯至极。火无情语录:可爱的孩子好,可爱又乖巧的孩子更好。可爱乖巧又不用给钱的孩子,娶了。(此美男,由刘千绮领养)皇帝听闻,两眼一抹黑。他的儿啊。怎么就这么不争气呢。四号美人:天下第一美男。性格不详,籍贯不详。火无情语录:谜一样的美人,她喜欢。每天都有新鲜感。娶了。(此美男,由告别的爱情li领养。)五号美人:天下第一名伶。火无情语录:解风情的美男,如果没钱花把他卖了都不用调教。娶了。(此美男由伊眸领养。)六号美男:解忧楼楼主。相貌不详,身世不详。爱好杀人。火无情语录:凶恶的美人,她喜欢。娶了。(此美男由陈铭铭领养)七号美男:琴圣。貌如谪仙,琴音杀人。冷清眸子中,百转千回,说尽风流。(此美男由伊眸领养)夜杀:天下第一杀手。(此美男由静寂之夜领养)